Coffee Bean Inc.

Coffee Bean, Inc. (CBI), is a processor and distributor of a variety of blends of coffee. The company buys coffee beans from around the world and roasts, blends, and packages them for resale. CBI currently has 40 different coffees that it sells to gourmet shops in one-pound bags. The major cost of the coffee is raw materials. However, the company’s predominately automated roasting, blending, and packing process requires a substantial amount of manufacturing overhead.The company uses relatively little direct labor. Some of CBI’s coffees are very popular and sell in large volumes, while a few of the newer blends have very low volumes. CBI prices its coffee at manufacturing cost plus a markup of 30%. If CBI’s prices for certain coffees are significantly higher than market, adjustments are made to bring CBI’s prices more into alignment with the market since customers are somewhat price conscious.For the coming year, CBI’s budget includes estimated manuf acturing overhead cost of $3,000,000. CBI assigns manufacturing overhead to products on the basis of direct labor-hours. The expected direct labor cost totals $600,000, which represents 50,000 hours of direct labor time. Based on the sales budget and expected raw materials costs, the company will purchase and use $6,000,000 of raw materials (mostly coffee beans) during the year.The expected costs for direct materials and direct labor for one-pound bags of two of the company’s coffee products appear below: |   | |   | |Mona Loa | |Malaysian | | | |Direct materials | |$ 4. 0 | |$ 3. 20 | | | |Direct labor | |0. 30 | |0. 30 | | | CBI’s controller believes that the company’s traditional costing system may be providing misleding cost information.To determine whether or not this is correct, the controller has prepared an analysis of the year’s expected manufacturing overhead costs, as shown in the following table: |Activity Cost Pool | |Activity Meas ure | |Expected Activity for the Year | |Expected Cost for the Year | | | |Purchasing | |Purchase orders | |1,710 orders | |$513,000 | | | |Materials handling | |# of Setups | |1,800 setups | |720,000 | | | |Quality control | |# of Batches | |600 batches | |144,000 | | | |Roasting | |Roasting-hours | |96,100 roasting hours |961,000 | | | |Blending | |Blending-hours | |33,600 blending hours | |402,000 | | | |Packaging | |Packaging-hours | |26,000 packaging hours | |260,000 | | | |Total manufacturing overhead cost | |$3,000,000 | | | Data regarding the expected production of Mona Loa and Malaysian coffee are presented below.    | |  Ã‚   | |   | |Mona Loa   | |   | |Malaysian | | | |Expected sales   | |   | |100,000 pounds | | | |2,000 pounds | | |Batch size   | |   | |10,000 pounds | | | |500 pounds | | | |Setups | |3 per batch | |3 per batch | | | |Purchase order size   | |   | |20,000 pounds | | | |500 pounds | | | |Roasting time    per 100 pounds | |   | |1 hour | | | |1 hour | | | |Blending time   per 100 pounds | |   | |0. 5 hour | | | |0. hour | | | |Packaging time   per 100 pounds | |   | |0. 1 hour | | | |0. 1 hour | | | 1.Using the direct labor-hours as the base for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products, do the following: a. Determine the predetermined overhead rate that will be used during the year. b. Determine the unit product cost of one pound of the Mona Loa coffee and one pound of the Malaysian coffee. 2. Using activity-based costing as the basis for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products, do the following: a. Determine the total amount of manufacturing overhead cost assigned to the Mona Loa coffee and to the Malaysian coffee for the year. b. Using the data developed in 2(a), computer the amount of manufacturing overhead cost per pound of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee.Round all computations to the nearest whole cent. c. Determine the u nit product cost of one pound of the Mona Loa coffee and one pound of the Malaysian coffee. Write a brief memo to the president of CBI explaining what you have found in (1) and (2) above and discussing the implications to the company of using direct labor as the base for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products. MEMORANDUM To:The president of CBI From: Date: Subject:the implications to the company of using direct labor as the base for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products. 1) Per pound cost of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee as per traditional costing system is $ 6 and $ 5 respectively. ) The manufacturing overhead assigned to each pound of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee is same because the direct labour hours required for manufacturing each pound of coffee are same 3) Per pound cost of the Mona Loa coffee and the Malaysian coffee as per Activity based costing system is $ 4. 83 and $ 7. 15 respectively. 4) Following are the implication s to the company of using direct labor as the base for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products: 1. Price determination under existing costing system (using direct labor as the base) is not accurate. Under activity based costing cost is calculated more accurately than existing product costing system. 2. Higher prices of popular product affect market adversely.As the customers are price conscious company can sell Mona Loa Coffee (which is more popular) at lower price and can increase its market share if the cost is calculated accurately. 3. As company uses relatively little direct labour, direct labour is not an appropriate basis for applying overheads to products. 4. By using activity based costing company can discontinue its non-profitable products or suggest appropriate price for those product 5) Activity based costing allocated indirect cost more accurately . It helps in reducing the cost by eliminating unwanted activities Helps in improving product and customer profitab ility. Activity based costing helps in forecasting and planning.

The advancement of human civilization

The development of products and modernization are in each other’s pocket.   People simply travel by foot before but now, mankind can travel by air, land and sea.A hundred years ago, a company doesn’t need computers to run its business. Today, the need to adopt information technology is a matter of necessity for the survival of business.   The advancement of human civilization is marked by advances in Sciences which is best manifested in the development of products and services available to the people.   As civilization advances, our needs also dynamically change.Advertising is at the core of change because it is primarily the method by which information about new things i.e. products and services are communicated or disseminated for the eventual adoption and acceptance of society. To say that advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need undermines the important role it plays in introducing and initiating progressive change in society.Moreover, to view advertising in this manner connotes a negative idea because it would distort its static function of information dissemination to a means of manipulating people into believing something that is not true.  Ã‚   Advertising is neither good nor bad but is just a means to an end.Whether that end is good or bad makes advertising good and bad as well.   This on the other hand depends on the perspective of the person who views it or on which side the person is in terms of the information that advertisement carries. An advertising campaign for Nazism is apparently bad for most people but is good in the perspective of advocates of Hitler.Advertising is a component of the marketing process i.e. under product promotion which is designed to inform potential customers about a particular product and service of a company.   Following the essence of marketing, advertisements ultimately tell us about new products that may improve our lives.   â€Å"Marketing is the management process wh ich identifies, anticipates, and supplies customer requirements efficiently and profitably.† (Hoffmann).Products are developed through market research, which involve understanding needs and preferences of customers and finding a competitive edge or differentiating it from the weaknesses and strengths of one’s competitors.   Products are therefore developed ultimately as a response to the identified and anticipated needs of the people.   Advertising functions to communicate how innovations in new products are able to address those needs for the convenience of people and generally to improve life or advance the civilization.Of course, we don’t need cars, computers or any other appliances to survive. Mankind had evolved to have all the resources he/ she needed for basic survival.   However, mankind is also not static.   It is a rational creature in a constant pursuit to improve its life by creating new products and services.   Cars where invented even thou gh we have feet for transport.   Indeed, we don’t need cars for primordial survival, but transportation had definitely and progressively changed how mankind conducted life.Advertising played the crucial role of introducing not the need but the advantage and convenience of transportation or having a car in as much as it did for all other products and services.   Advertising therefore was essentially meant to inform people of new products that are meant to improve our lives because these new products and services where designed to address or respond to our needs and preferences   In which case, advertising partakes in setting social progress by introduction of new products and services.That advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need may have stemmed from the idea of advertising as a tool for propaganda. Because propaganda as a form of communication through mass media is one sided, some modern theorists are critical and wary that this will be used by the powerful elites to impute and infuse values and beliefs which are not necessarily true but are meant to serve their own selfish purposes.   (Perry).In which case, advertisements are meant to persuade or shape people’s thoughts.   Such is the case for products and services that more than just being informative are astutely designed position product and create company image.They effectively incite people to buy things and patronize products in a subliminal and benevolent approach.   For instance, MasterCard’ priceless campaign emphasize on what is priceless; it gives less attention to the cost of what we buy or the need for buying it.   Nevertheless, credit cards indeed provide us the convenience of paying or carrying cash.   In which case, people need to be critical of the information that they receive.   Whether they need the product or service advertised is ultimately up to the consumer to decide.ReferencesHoffmann, Stefanie. Are the 4 P's of Internationa l Marketing of Equal Importance to All Firms? What Factors Might Cause Some to More Or Less Important Than Others? A Short Article, GRIN Verlag, 2008Perry, D. Theory and Research in Mass Communication: Contexts and Consequences. Erlbaum, Publications, 2002   

An Introduction To Network Topology

An Introduction To Network Topology In the context of a communication network, the term topology refers to that way in which the end points, or stations, attached to the network are interconnected or it is the arrangements of systems in a computer network. It can be either physical or logical. The physical topology refers that, a way in which a network is laid out physically and it will include the devices, installation and location. Logical topology refers that how a data transfers in a network as opposed to its design. The network topology can be categorized into bus, ring, star, tree and mesh. Hybrid networks (They are the complex networks, which can be built of two or more topologies). Bus Topology A Bus topology is characterized by the use of a multi point medium. A long and single cable acts as a backbone to connect all the devices in a network. In a bus topology, all computers or stations attach through the appropriate hardware interfacing known as a tap, directly to a bus network. Full duplex operation between the station and tap allows data to transmit onto the bus and received from the bus. A transmission from any station propagates the length of the medium in both directions and can be received by all other stations. At each end of the bus is a terminator, which absorbs any signal, removing it from the bus. Nodes are connected to the bus cable by drop lines and taps. A drop line is a connection running between the device and the main cable. A tap is a connector that either splices into the main cable or punctures the sheathing of a cable to create a contact with the metallic core. A bus network work best with a limited number of computers. Advantages Bus topology can install very easily on a network. Cabling will be less compare to other topologies because of the main backbone cable laid efficiently in the network path. Bus topology suited for a small network. If one computer fails in the network, the other computers are not affected they will continue to work. It is also less expensi ve than star topology. Disadvantages The cable length will limited and there by limits the number of stations. If the backbone cable fails, the entire network will goes down. It is very difficult to trouble shoot. Maintenance cost is very high in a long run. Terminators are required for both the ends of the cable. Ring topology The ring topology the network consists of dedicated point to point connection and a set of repeaters in a closed loop. A signal is passed along the ring in one direction, from device to device, until it reaches its destination. It may be clock wise or anti clock wise. When a device receives a signal intend for another device, its repeater generates the bits and passes them along. As with the bus and tree, data are transmitted in frames. As a frame circulates past all the other stations, the destination station recognize its address and copies the frame into a local buffer as it goes by. The frame continues to circulate until it returns to the source station, where it is removed. These topologies are used in school campuses and some office buildings.

Obseity, a 21st century epidemic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Obseity, a 21st century epidemic - Essay Example vations and recommendations of the Health People 2010, the people of the developed countries in particular the United States have been victimized by two coherent concerns, i.e. the declination of the physical activities, and the record increase in the overweight. The World Health Organization has concluded that physical activity and overweight are the number one and two health indicators (NEHA, 2001). A phenomenal increase in the epidemic has been recorded, the survey conducted by the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth concluded that the all racial groups experienced increasing rates of obesity. According to the survey, the participation of the African American and half Caucasian into the physical activity has declined rapidly, and around hundred percent and fifty six percent declination has been observed respectively. The obesity has been responsible for the adolescents grapple with autonomy, issues of self-control, readiness to change, and their relationships with parents and ot her authority figures. The obesity is also a cause for the interference of the process of understanding identity which incorporates self-esteem and self-concept i.e. considered to be a major developmental issue in adolescence. Obesity has been dominant among the adolescent, and such developed characteristics has been inherited by the off spring respectively. The lack of physical activity is the primary factor which has to be undertaken by current generation, and such factor needs to be discarded to avoid obesity. Obesity is not primarily caused by prolong and excessive eating, rather the lack of physical activities also cause obesity. The epidemic has to be resolved through comprehensive, community-based approach, the epidemic has been integrated with the other social issues, and an understanding has been formulated in accordance to which it is civic engagement, physical health, vocational readiness and success, educational attainment, and social and emotional health (NEHA, 2001) ar e

Mobile Business Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mobile Business Technologies - Essay Example According to the report findings  many new applications are getting invented like iOS, Android and Blackberry applications to name a few. iOS was the name given by Apple to the operating system that runs and supports all the touch screen mobile devices like iPads, iPhones and iPods.As the discussion stresses  in recent times there has been a dominating trend in all industries among their core products that has compelled the firm’s to move towards other services. Traditionally the manufacturers used to view their services as a mean to enhance value of the good that clearly differentiate between their products and the products offered by their competitors. But now companies have to think about something different. The concept of â€Å"bundles† and â€Å"extended product† emerged from customer’s need and new selling approaches. According to Vandermerwe and Rada, â€Å"Bundles† refer to the combination of products, service, support and knowledge. Ac cording to Jansson and Thoben, ‘extended product’ refers to the core product surrounded by set of intangible services and tangible products. Kotler has suggested five types of ‘service mix’ like tangible goods, intangible goods, hybrid good, major services accompanied by minor products and services and pure services with hybrid offering. The companies are now showing interest in offering hybrid products or services rather than just offering tangible goods and services (Brax, 2005). Nestle is the world’s leading brand in health and nutrition. â€Å"Good Food, Good Life† is the main mission of Nestle. In order to achieve this mission the company provides the consumers with wide ranges of food and beverages that caters to taste and nutrition and are meant for every occasion (Nestle, 2013). The business principle of Nestle has developed for over a period of 140 years and forms the basis of the company’s culture. Nestle was created with a vi sion of providing long term benefits to the shareholders by not only complying to the legal requirements of the company but also ensures that the activities are sustainable and creates value for the society (Nestle's Corporate Business Principles, 2013). Nestle in the year 2010 launched its new application named Corporate App for iPads and iPhones that was heavily backed by technology (Nestle, 2013). This new application was meant for investors and media to make them access latest press releases, reports, presentations and weekly updates on buy-back of shares whether online or offline. This application gained an overwhelming response from all over the world. Since its launch people

Evaluation of the Current Status of Alitalia Essay

Evaluation of the Current Status of Alitalia - Essay Example Correspondingly, this report intends to examine the prospects of Etihad Airways which has started to examine the possibility to buy a majority/total stake in Alitalia, the Italian struggling airline. Alitalia is a prominent Italian based airline group and one of the leading players in the European airline industry. The group operates under the brand name of Alitalia and offers an assortment of premium services at all levels including the purview of domestic, international and intercontinental destinations. Air One is a subsidiary of Alitalia Group that provides low-cost flights to domestic and international routes. Alitalia is a privately owned group and 75% of its ownership is retained by Italian entrepreneurial and financial world while the remaining 25% is acquired by the biggest European airline, Air France-KLM. The group is also the member of SkyTeam alliance and has opened transatlantic joint venture with Air France KLM and Delta. The group over the years has been able to secure and distinguish its position amid its customers particularly due to its superior service quality, maintenance, and passenger care. The pool of well-trained employees along with effective operational management has established it as the most punctual airline across Europe. At the same time, the extensive and ambitious investment plan to make its fleet modernize has tremendously facilitated it with attaining greater customer confidence and trust. Apart from transportation of passengers, the company also operates in cargo sector. It has been able to meet the customers’ shipping requirements through the effective arrangement of cargo charter flights (Alitalia n.d.). Moreover, it has the most modern fleet of 132 aircraft. The company’s financial health during 2012 was worst affected with increasing loss and augmenting debt. However, amid this sluggish performance, the market share of the group across all routes continued to st ay stable at around 22.6% (Alitalia 2013).

Dubai International airport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dubai International airport - Essay Example The main research questions that shall be answered during the investigation are: †¢Does the service offered by emirates airline organization meet the standard and expectations of its customers? †¢Does the organization have excellent facilities that ensure their airplanes are always in good shape to ensure the safety of their customers? †¢What are the measures that the organization has put in place to ensure customer satisfaction? The objectives of the research will be: 1)To determine the services offered by the organization and whether they meet the standards and expectation of their customers. 2)To evaluate the available facilities in the organization for servicing and repairing airplanes to ensure safety of their customers. 3)To determine the measures put in place by the organization to ensure customer satisfaction. The intended research on the operations of the Emirates airline is important in determining the experience of the customers. While utilizing their services and the role the airline organization play in ensuring that the customers’ satisfaction is achieved in carrying out this research, I as a student of business studies will also gain a lot of important knowledge on what it takes to run such a big organization that serves many people daily and the various measures that can be utilized in successfully satisfying customers derived from different backgrounds and cultures. The emirates airline is an organization in the airline industry that has its headquarters based in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. In the Middle East, this is the major airline company with over 2500 flights weekly to over 100 destinations in six continents in 74 countries (Emirate airline, 2005).

Critical issue of global health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical issue of global health - Assignment Example The data struck me, based on rationale, because health has emerged to be a global issue and global efforts, that may include transfer of resources to deserving areas could be necessary. This would suggest distribution of resources to such areas as Africa and asia in order to help combat health care problems. on the contrary, a barrier seems to exist and developed countries seems to be solving their healthcare concerns and not extending resources to developing countries (World Health Organization, 2006). Variation in burden of disease across nations and regions also supports the difference in need and resource allocation and identifies lack of global efforts in healthcare, despite the suggested need (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2014). Such a variation identifies regional and national efforts and shortages, not global, and yet some data identifies these factors to be global. O’Brien and Gostin (2011) explains that shortage in healthcare workers is a global crisis, undermining the reported regional imbalance in the primary data. The inconsistency makes the data striking because of either possible dynamism in the sector that could have occurred between times of the articles’ publication or unreliability of existing data on healthcare issues. the inconsistency therefore establishes need for a new study on the

Alcoholics Anonymous Meeting Experience Paper Essay

Alcoholics Anonymous Meeting Experience Paper - Essay Example It was on the latter end of the session when Ms Jenny linked the reading to alcoholism. This is where people started to share insights past and present on how family relations based on their own families were affected by alcohol. I thought the meeting was done in a relaxed atmosphere and the feeling of support was all around the place. I thought it was effective for the people to sit in a circle so that the group saw and heard each other with ease. The article was very effective in evoking insights on alcohol. The facilitator didn't start to pose questions to people, rather, the article led the discussion. It was able to open up discussion on alcoholism without much effort in asking people to share. I believe the meeting being not too short and too long is essential in keeping the people inspired to attend. Most of them were enjoying the sessions and this is important to keep the patients sustaining their commitment to the program. At first I was excited to get into the exercise but when I arrived early and saw Ms. Jenny and the seats arranged in a circle, I began to be nervous. I felt so incapable of the task because all my expectations came from media and television presentations that visualized the Alcoholics Anonymous as a stressful outpouring of emotions.

Date Rape Crime Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Date Rape Crime Statistics - Essay Example The fact that the parties knew each other or that the woman willingly accompanied the man are not legal defenses to a charge of rape, although one Pennsylvania decision ruled that there had to be some actual physical resistance." The term 'rape' is a broader domain that involves a variety of sexual assaults. These can be classified on the basis of the level of acquaintance between the rapist and the victim, on the basis of number of rapists, on the basis of the consent of the victim, age of victim etc. It is different from other types of rape like stranger rape, spousal rape or statutory rape. Date Rape is the sexual assault by someone, whom the victim knows; whereas, as it is obvious from name, the stranger rape is committed by the person whom victim never knew before. It is interesting to note that, contrary to what is commonly believed, date rapes are more common than the stranger one. Spousal rape is the act of rape by the spouse. The legal status of this kind of rape is disputed in many constitutions. Statutory rape refers to rape when the consent of victim exists, thus no force or threat is applied, but the age of the victim is less than the Age of Consent, the age when one is allowed to give his/her c onsents for the sexual assault. The use of these drugs, especially that of alcohol is most c... Rohypnol is one common example of Benzodiazepines. It causes amnesia to a varying level. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate It has an affect very similar to alcohol. Other drugs Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic, and MDMA (Ecstasy) is an empathogenic phenylethylamine. Chloral hydrate has a sedative/hypnotic effect similar to that of benzodiazepines. (Francis, 1996) The use of these drugs, especially that of alcohol is most common. Moreover, use of these drugs in the date rape is yet popular, since the rapist can easily let the victim have the drug without the victim's awareness, on account of his acquaintance with the victim.(Hodgson and Kelly, 2007) The Victim Offender Relationship: Unlike the popular belief, the ratio of date rape is far greater than that of stranger rape. In Canada, the acquaintance rape accounts for approximately 64% in 2004. (Criminal Victimization in Canada survey, 2004), while the same accounted for 67 % in United States of America. (Criminal Victimization in United States of America survey, 2004) Approximately 28% of victims are raped by husbands or boyfriends, 35% by acquaintances, and 5% by other relatives. (Violence against Women, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Dept. of Justice, 1994) However, these statistics are yet far below the reality on account of different reasons. First of all, there is a common hesitance to report the event. In the United States in 2004, only 35.8 percent of rape/sexual assault crimes were reported to the police, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey. The FBI estimates that only 37% of all rapes are reported to the police. U.S. Justice Department statistics are even lower, with only 26% of all rapes or attempted rapes being reported to law enforcement officials. Furthermore, the definition of various

Identifying Quantifiable goals for the monitor, control and effectiveness of the marketing plan Essay Example for Free

Identifying Quantifiable goals for the monitor, control and effectiveness of the marketing plan Essay In order to evaluate, monitor, and control the effectiveness of the marketing plan, identifying quantifiable elements are detrimental to V-Techs financial gains and holdings. Marketing campaigns are the most costly measurement to the company and the launch of V-Techs Virta Window new product line in its marketing practices needs to show financial accountability. The focus of controlling and effectiveness to quantifiable elements reside in the metrics analysis of: 1. Revenue 2. Sales 3. Lead generation 4. Sales feed back 5. Return on investment 6. Customer retention Once the elements of V-Tech’s marketing campaign is identified, quantifiable goals can be set to counter financial loss and actionable measures can be taken to offset the losses for exchange of returnable gain. To begin identifying the elements of concern, V-Tech accounting management will look at: A. Product B. Place C. Price D. Promotion The product is an innovative technological breakthrough, meant to create real time life and learning experiences for its target audience. The product has little competition but may be hard to catch on in the marketplace and cause resistance within consumers. Quantifiable marketing goals that would need to be set: Be flexible to understanding that new products may need a longer campaign run. Placement metrics track the impact of consumer awareness and the impact of individual campaigns ability to reach marketing goals. Calculating metrics for analysis will determine if the whole of the marketing plan is bringing in more profit than it cost to run. Placement of the products marketing geographical and economic stature is an important  quantifiable element. A metric analysis of location placement will measure the buying power and behavior of the consumer by geographic location. If the product is not selling well in placement, location factors may be that the target areas do not have the right selling class. Geographical metrics indicate a target audience income, medium house hold income, pay scale and if the economics of the area are depressed or thriving for businesses and product buying. The goal would then be to move the marketing campaign into better location areas where purchasing is a stronger asset for the product. Measuring the metrics of geographic locations can also help the company keep a competitive advantage as more technology companies advance to offering consumers a similar product. By being better able to understand consumer behavior by geographic V-Tech will have a higher ROI(return on investment) strengthen their marketing campaigns that keep customer retention, loyalty and target a larger audience base. Pricing by far may be the most important aspect in finding quantifiable controlling elements. A new product of technology changes the whole atmosphere of the market place from how it is developed to the price of manufacturing and distribution. The marketing of V-Techs new product is to reach a broad base of a consumer audience over affordability. This may cause a huge financial loss for the company. The campaign of the marketing needs increasing without the extra-added expenditures to cover the cost of loss and turn a profit. The reasoning behind quantifiable control is marketing the product to show value, and to measure financial gains where the product and marketing campaign will exceed profit and generate profit growth. The goals would then be to do a review of past sales to compare to sales of the new product and build on the strengths that previous campaigns have generated. A metrics analysis can be done in order to find out how many people clicked on an ad from online, what the numbers of new sales are and the percentage of new leads generated. From measuring sale metri cs, the company will be able to tweak the marketing campaign, generate a new marketing design, or repeat the campaign until the marketing goals meets its value. The company will also be able to determine the effectiveness of its Public relations effort in relation to its marketing efforts. A cost saving measurement to the company and the marketing campaign would be to get out in front of the face of the audience. Increase web activity, broaden the scope of social media awareness and depth in which marketing the product can help exceeded sales goals. The promotion of V-Techs product quantifiable control elements are to measure consumer awareness and set goals if the product is failing in brand awareness, website traffic, and not generating the sales lead expectations. Taking advantage of sending out Brand Ambassadors to area store locations and increasing trade market showings will promote and target the customer audiences awareness of the new product, how it is designed and will demonstrate why the consumer has a need to purchase the product. Social media marketing is limitless for brand awareness, in where a campaign can go to reach a borde r target buying audience. The quantifiable elemental goals are to take advantage of the use of the internet’s effectiveness of marketing to cost with web videos, direct coupons to the consumer, customer loyalty incentives, package discounts on education and parental sites. Identifying the quantifiable elements that help to control a marketing plan is an invaluable asset to V-Tech technologies and its new product launch. The analyzed metric data sets timely goals to which the company can redefine its control of marketing execution to increase sales and profits. The wealth of information extracted from the identification process takes on a new format that will find strengths and weakness of the consumer target audience, and will help to keep a competitive advantage as new companies move in the territorial locations of the innovative technology that V-Tech Windows will bring to a new market place.

Denver served them both Essay Example for Free

Denver served them both Essay From a literal viewpoint, the novels Beloved by Toni Morrison and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad have no correlation on the grounds that they feature entirely different settings, timeframes, character types, and style. However, when the overall themes and messages of both books are examined, the reader is able to see that both stories make strong statements about societies plagued by racism. In Morrisons novel, Beloved, Denvers character undergoes significant personality changes that vary with the progression of the plot and especially with Beloveds presence in 124; these changes mirror the emotional and psychological journey of the character Marlow from Heart of Darkness. Both of these evolving characterizations reflect the authors intents to display the effect of racism and societal corruption on individuals. Throughout Beloved, the relationships between the key characters are in a constant state of motion and fluidity, depending on the presence of the most influential character, Beloved. In particular, the relationships involving the character Beloved are often especially dynamic, and Beloveds presence in the lives of several characters frequently leaves them with significant emotional changes. Specifically, the cycle of Denvers maturity throughout the plot relates strongly to the power that Beloved had over her at any particular time. Early in the novel, Denver tends to be characterized as a rude, selfish girl. When Paul D comes to 124 and causes with the babys spirit to temporarily leave the house, Denver responds to him with sarcasm and immaturity, giving the house a tense atmosphere: Now her mother was upstairs with the man who had gotten rid of the only company she had. Denver dipped a bit of bread into the jelly. Slowly, methodically, miserably she ate it, (20). Throughout her teenage years, Denver had become so dependent upon the camaraderie that the ghost had provided, and when the spirit left, she felt lost and alone. This misery lasts until the moment Beloved, the babys materialized spirit, arrived at 124. The majority of the relationship between Beloved and Denver throughout the remainder of the book features mainly Denvers adoration and fascination with Beloved. Once again, Denver is captivated by Beloved, and would gladly do anything for her. Denvers devotion continues to the point of Denver acting as the caretaker for the demanding Beloved and the weakening Sethe: Denver served them both. Washing, cooking, forcing, cajoling her mother to eat a little now and then, providing sweet things for Beloved as often as she could to calm her down. It was hard to know what she would do from minute to minute. When the heat got hot, she might walk around the house naked or wrapped in a sheet, her belly protruding like a winning watermelon. Denver thought she understood the connection between her mother and Beloved: Sethe was trying to make up for the handsaw; Beloved was making her pay for it, (263). As Beloved established herself as a part of Denver and Sethes lives, Denver grew stronger, more confident, and more mature. She eventually realized the detriment that Beloved was causing (especially to Sethe), and regained her grip on reality without Beloved controlling it. By the end of the novel, Denvers personality has completely transformed: It was true. Paul D saw her the next morning when he was on his way to work and she was leaving hers. Thinner, steady in the eyes, she looked more like Halle than ever. She was the first to smile. Good morning, Mr. D. Well, it is now. Her smile, no longer the sneer he remembered, had welcome in it and strong traces of Sethes mouth, (280). Morrison designed Beloveds character as a general representation of several common evils of society, including inordinate selfishness and the desire for revenge. Denvers character is easily manipulated by Beloveds strength, though eventually she is able to break free of Beloveds power. In Conrads Heart of Darkness, the main character, Marlow, undergoes a drastic emotional and mental transformation, specifically due to his continual exposure to a secretive corruption of humanity.

Homeostasis And Goldfish Respiration Physical Education Essay

Homeostasis And Goldfish Respiration Physical Education Essay Every organism possesses a mechanism for maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis is the ability of the body or a cell to seek and maintain a condition of equilibrium or stability within its internal environment when dealing with changes in the external environment. Regulation of temperature is most definitely the most important aspect of homeostasis. Fish are cold-blooded animals. Most fish cannot control their internal body temperatures. Most fish body temperatures change with the temperature of the water around them. In order to obtain temperature homeostasis, the fish seek colder or warmer water. They lose metabolic heat through their gills. There are different types of metabolic adaptations in fish. Temperature and blood pressure are two. Cold-blooded animals must regulate their body temperature by moving. Literary Discussion Homeostasis and the Respiration of Goldfish What is Homeostasis? Homeostasis is the ability of the body or a cell to seek and maintain a condition of equilibrium or stability within its internal environment when dealing with external changes (www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Homeostasis). The main function of homeostasis is to keep all the processes of the body stable even if there are variations in the weather and environment outside (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.html). Regulation of temperature is most definitely the most important aspect of homeostasis. Warm blooded animals are able to retain a more adjustable constant body temperature. In humans, homeostasis happens when the body regulates body temperature in an effort to maintain an internal temperature around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Homeostasis). For instance, when it is hot outside your body sweats to cool off, and we shiver to warm up during the cold seasons. Unlike humans, most fish cannot control their internal body temperatures. Fish are cold-blooded creatures. Some fish have mechanisms to keep a healthy temperature. In order to obtain temperature homeostasis, the fish seek colder or warmer water. Certain types of fish such as tuna fish control their body temperature by a specialized heat exchange system of blood vessels. Most fish are poikilothermic which means their body temperature changes with the temperature of the water around them. For instance, if the top of a pond is frozen over, the fish swims to the bottom of the pond to try to stay at a comfortable temperature. All animals create heat from metabolic activity. Metabolic activity includes breaking down food and movement (http://www.ehow.com/facts_7433473_fish-homeostasis-different-water-temperatures.html). Animals such as fish lose metabolic heat through their gills. This happens because the heated blood that runs through vessels in the gills comes into close contact with the colder water outside, and all the heat is lo st. Many diseases are a result of disturbance of homeostasis. This condition is known as homeostatic imbalance. Every organism will lose efficiency in its control systems as it ages. Homeostatic imbalance is responsible for the physical changes associated with aging along with the internal environment. Inefficiencies gradually increase the risk for illness because of the unstable internal environment. It has been seen where alleged negative feedback mechanisms become overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms then take over. Negative feedback is mainly how homeostasis is maintained, and positive feedback includes processes like blood clotting (http://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/about2004.html). In maintaining homeostasis, the kidneys, liver, and brain are the organs in which play an important role. The kidneys are responsible for controlling blood water level, and regulation of salt and ion content in the blood. The liver performs the function of stabilizing carbohydrate metabolism and metabolizing toxic substances (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.htm.l) Whereas, the brain helps in controlling the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system. Dehydration, hypertension, diabetes, hypoglycemia, etc are major homeostatic imbalance health problems. Homeostasis is extremely important for proper functioning of all human body systems. Enzymes even need a specific constant temperature to work at their optimum level. At higher temperatures, the enzymes will stop working. Homeostasis occurs to all humans, animals, and plants and is needed for us to stay healthy and alive. There are different types of metabolic adaptations in fish. Temperature and blood pressure are two examples. Body temperature for a fish mainly depends on the temperature of the water that the fish is in. This is the same for a fish in a tank, lake, pond, river, ocean, etc. A fish body adjusts to the temperature where the fish will be comfortable in the water. Cold-blooded animals cannot generate their own body heat; they must regulate their body temperature by moving. Absorptive and post absorptive are two metabolic states. Digestion, strength, respiration, salt and water balance, and heart rate are also included in this category. Glycolysis is an anaerobic metabolic pathway. Homeostasis in fish as well as in humans adjusts when the environment that it is in adjusts. If a fish is swimming in polluted water, the water is going to affect the fish. Its going to affect the fishs vision, the fishs breathing, and many other things. Just like polluted air causes humans to get a disease or any other illness, a fish can get a disease or illness as well. The temperature will affect the pace of the fish similar to the temperature affecting the pace of humans. Homeostasis, in biological terms means that the body is maintaining internal equilibrium to adjust internally and physiologically, in response to the external environmental changes(http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.html). The main function of homeostasis is to keep all the processes of the body stable even if there are variations in the weather and environment outside (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.html). Regulation of temperature is most definitely the most important aspect of homeostasis. Vocabulary Effectors-are muscles or glands which work in response to the stimulus received from the motor nerves(http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/control-and-coordination/receptors-and-effectors.php). Receptors-are structures at the ends of the nerve fibers that collect the information to be conducted by the nerves (http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/control-and-coordination/receptors-and-effectors.php). Nares (Nostrils)-the nasal passages (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nares). Mouth-the opening in which an animal or human takes in food, liquid, oxygen, etc. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mouth?s=t) Eyes- the organ of sight, in vertebrates typically one of a pair of spherical bodies contained in an orbit of the skull and in humans appearing externally as a dense, white, curved membrane, or sclera, surrounding a circular, colored portion, or iris, that is covered by a clear, curved membrane, or cornea, and in the center of which is an opening, or pupil, through which light passes to the retina.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/eyes?s=t) Operculum-the gill cover; a part or organ serving as a lid or cover, as a covering flap on a seed vessel. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/operculum?s=t) Lateral Line-the line, or system of lines, of sensory structures along the head and sides of fishes, by which the animal is believed to detect water current and pressure changes and vibrations. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/late-ral+line?s=t) Soft Dorsal Fins-the fin or finlike integumentary expansion generally developed on the back of aquatic vertebrates.( http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html) Pectoral Fins-(in fishes) either of a pair of fins usually situated behind the head, one on each side, and corresponding to the forelimbs of higher vertebrates.( http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html) Pelvic Fins-(in fishes) either of a pair of fins on the lower surface of the body, corresponding to the hind limbs of a land vertebrate; ventral fin.( http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html) Gills-the respiratory organ of aquatic animals, as fish, that breathe oxygen dissolved in water.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gills?s=t) Scales-one of the hard, bony or dentinal plates, either flat or denticulate, forming the covering of certain other animals, as fishes.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/scales?s=t) Vent-the anal or excretory opening of animals, especially of those below mammals, as birds and reptiles.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vent?o=100074) Peduncle-a stalk or stem; a stalk like part or structure.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/peduncle?s=t) Anal Fin- the median, unpaired fin on the ventral margin between the anus and the caudal fin in fishes.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/anal+fin?s=t) Two-Chambered Heart-including one atrium and one ventricle.( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrium_(heart) Jaws- either of two bones, the mandible or maxilla, forming the framework of the mouth.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/jaws?s=ts) Equilibrium-a state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces. Vertebrates- are animals that have a spine or backbones.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/equilibrium?s=t) Cold-blooded- designating or pertaining to animals, as fishes and reptiles, whose blood temperature ranges from the freezing point upward, in accordance with the temperature of the surrounding medium.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cold-blooded?s=t) Ventilation-combination of movement of operculum and the floor of the mouth.( http://www.biology-resources.com/fish-01.html) Question, Hypothesis, Materials, and Procedure Question: Do various temperatures of water effect the way a fish breathe? Hypothesis- Cold water: Cold water will affect the way a fish breathe. A fish will take deeper, slower, and less breathes. Room Temperature Water: The amount of breaths a fish breathes will be normal. Hot water: Hot water will cause the fish to taker deeper breaths that are faster. Fish will inhale and exhale more breathes in hot water. Materials- Two fish Small sized container/fish tank Hot water Cold water Room temperature water Notebook/paper Pen/pencil Thermometer timer Procedure- First, set aside a bowl of water to get it to be room temperature. While that sits, create a table with three rows and eight columns. Label the first row experimental sample. Label the next two rows fish one and fish two. Label the columns room temperature, number of breaths, cold water temperature, breaths, hot water temperature, and breaths. Then, get extremely cold water and pour it into the container/fish bowl. Take the first fish and put it in the container with the cold water. Take the thermometer and put it in the bowl of water; wait till the meter stops moving. Record the temperature of the water. Next, set your timer to sixty seconds. Start the timer and count how many breaths the fish takes until the timer goes off. Record the time. Take the fish and thermometer out of the water and pour the water out. Pour the hot water into the container/fish tank and put the previous fish back into the container. Take the thermometer and sit it in the bowl until the meter stops. Record the temperature. Like before, set the timer to sixty seconds and count how many breaths the fish takes in that time. Record your results. After that, take the fish out along with the thermometer. Empty the container of the water. By this time the water that was set aside should be room temperature. Take that water and empty it into the container/fish tank and put the previous fish and thermometer in the bowl. Record the temperature of the water. Set the timer and count the breaths taken again. Record your results before taking the fish and thermometer out. Pour out the water. Repeat this process with the other fish and new water. Bar Graph and Frequency Table Experimental Sample Room Temperature Number of Breaths Warm Temperature Number of Breaths Cold Temperature Number of Breaths Time Fish #1 22Â ° C 89 27Â ° C 91 25Â ° C 59 60 sec Fish #2 23Â ° C 84 27Â ° C 69 25Â ° C 66 60 sec What is a fish? What is the mechanism in which fish breathe in water? A fish is any cold-blooded vertebrate animal that lives in water (http://www.myuniversalfacts.com/2006/03/how-do-fish-breathe.html). Fish live in nearly any water habitat and can be found in many different varieties of climatic conditions from near-freezing Arctic waters to the hot desert springs. Animals that live on land have a different respiratory system from aquatic animals such as fish. A fish is capable of breathing under water without taking frequent trips to the surface to breathe air unlike a whale which is a marine animal. This is because fish have gills. It is a process to fish breathing. First, water in the fishs surrounding enters its mouth. Water enters the mouth by the operculum and a very effective pumping system that involves the mouth. As a fish pumps water through the gills it opens and closes its mouth. Water is drawn into the mouth after the fish opens its mouth and the operculum closes. After water enters the fishs mouth it passes through a structure. This structure is called gill rakers. The gill rakers act as a filter system by straining out particles such as food or any other foreign particles that may have entered the mouth from the inflow of water. Next, the filtered water travels through the gill arches hence passing over the gills. Projected out into the water flow allows water to flow across the lamellae are gill filaments. Resulting, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly across the capillary membrane. As water flows through the gills, the dissolved oxygen passes into blood circulating through the gill structures. The gill structures include the filaments and lamellae. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide which is the waste product, in the fishs bloodstream passes into the water. It is then carried away and out of the body through the operculum. This is the process by which fish breathe also know as respiration. Resources and References http://www.biology-resources.com/fish-01.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish http://www.myuniversalfacts.com/2006/03/how-do-fish-breathe.html http://teachers.guardian.co.uk/Guardian_RootRepository/Saras/ContentPackaging/UploadRepository/learnpremium/Lesson/learnpremium/scienc~00/post16~00/biology/exchan~00/gaseou~01/gaseou~01/breath~00/default.htm http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/control-and-coordination/receptors-and-effectors.php http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Two+chambered+heart http://www.dictionary.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrium_(heart http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html

A Comparison of Civilization in The Oresteia and Miltons Paradise Lost :: comparison compare contrast essays

Civilization in The Oresteia and Paradise Lost      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The continual search for a perfect civilization marks the history of human progress. From Plato to Locke to Marx, man has sought to order society to provide justice for himself and his children. In this quest for paradise, myths of primitivity help describe how social institutions can direct humans away from their temptations toward higher goals. In Aeschylus' The Oresteia and John Milton's Paradise Lost, human civilization is viewed as an imperfect balance of opposites which helps combat man's tendencies toward barbarism and misogyny.    For Aeschylus, successful civilization defines itself not by complete devotion to Fate or the gods; instead, society forms "the ultimate product of conflict between opposing forces" in which violence and antisocial behavior are repressed through a "hierarchization of values" (Zeitlin 1). The social myth of The Oresteia is viewed not as a historical reality but as a useful symbol - a consideration of humans run amok as the social institutions of family and government give way to a cycle of destructive violence. The trilogy sets justice, family, and city against revenge and ambition in a test of whether any social institution can survive in the face of a threat to its supremacy.    In contrast, the strongly Puritan John Milton describes the structure of society as a least among evils; it forms the "scaffolding" which, "when the building is finished," is only a "troublesome disfigurement" to man's own ability for good (Milton The Reason of Church-government qtd. in Fish 534). The conflict in Paradise Lost juxtaposes man's submission and faith with his sensuousness and ignorance. The Coming of the Son promises the final solution to man's problems and an end to this "clash of values" (Fish 536). Yet until the Resurrection, the Fortunate Fall leaves lasting marks on human civilization that are dramatically portrayed as cracks in the veneered perfection of mythic Eden.    The gorgeous garden belies the theological chasm that separates man from his Creator. Humans cannot accept the command to "be lowly wise" (PL VIII.173). When Adam promises to avoid "obscure and subtle" (PL VIII.192) thought, he acknowledges that "apt the mind or fancy is to rove/Unchecked" (PL VIII.

Why is Nancy such an important character in the novel Oliver Twist? Ess

Why is Nancy such an important character in the novel Oliver Twist? Nancy is a character whose personality is two sided, despite the fact that Nancy is a prostitute. Readers like Nancy even despite her faults because she has two personalities. There are many reasons why Nancy is such an important character in the novel. One of the reasons is that when you see her, she is described as if she wears a lot of make-up, has a lot of hair and that she doesn’t keep her self organized (tidy). At that time, this wasn’t respectable for a young woman. This gives the reader the impression that Nancy is a prostitute, who is just a low life woman trying to make a living. The connection between Oliver and Nancy in the novel truly shows how Nancy’s personality is. E.g. Most people would recognize Nancy for who she is, by her looks most likely. But Oliver doesn’t see Nancy this way, he sees her as a friend and a nice lady. This tells you that Oliver & Nancy are both innocent and because of this innocence, Nancy wants to help Oliver. As the story starts to develop, you get the idea that Nancy has another more caring side to her. This side is shown on page 142 where Nancy says to Bill Sikes, that he’ll have to go through Nancy before he can attack Oliver with the dog, Bullseye. This shows that she cares for Oliver and that she doesn’t want Oliver to get hurt in any way. Also an alternative way to tell that Nancy has a better side to her, is when she says to Bill Sikes that he can smash her head against the wall, but she won’t let him touch Oliver. At this point in the novel, Nancy feels a great bond with Oliver, in which she cares for him and doesn’t want him to get hurt. Dickens in this novel builds up sympathy fo... ...is own way, by provoking Sikes to kill Nancy. Just before Nancy is killed she is happy to see him because Dickens writes â€Å"It is you, Bill† said the girl with the expression of pleasure when he returns. This proves that she has two sides to her character because she spoke to Rose Maylie, she does not betray her friends. Nancy always tries to find the best way, and that also meant making sure she doesn’t betray her friends. This makes Nancy probably the most realistic character out of them all, mainly because of her two sided personality and because she develops the story and how she cares for Oliver. Because Nancy’s character is not too bad and not too good, it makes the story more realistic and believable. She is one of the characters who like Oliver and the only one with a true personality and in a way the only character who expresses her feelings.

Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia - Pro and Con :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia - Pro and Con Abstract This paper will define Euthanasia and assisted suicide. Euthanasia is often confused with and associated with assisted suicide, definitions of the two are required. Two perspectives shall be presented in this paper. The first perspective will favor euthanasia or the "right to die," the second perspective will favor antieuthanasia, or the "right to live". Each perspective shall endeavor to clarify the legal, moral and ethical ramifications or aspects of euthanasia. Thesis Statement Euthanasia, also mercy killing, is the practice of ending a life so as to release an individual from an incurable disease or intolerable suffering. Euthanasia is a merciful means to and end of long-term suffering. Euthanasia is a relatively new dilemma for the United States and has gained a bad reputation from negative media hype surrounding assisted suicides. Euthanasia has a purpose and should be evaluated as humanely filling a void created by our sometimes inhumane modern society. Antithesis Statement Euthanasia is nothing less than cold-blooded killing. Euthanasia cheapens life, even more so than the very divisive issue of abortion. Euthanasia is morally and ethically wrong and should be banned in these United States. Modern medicine has evolved by leaps and bounds recently, euthanasia resets these medical advances back by years and reduces today's Medical Doctors to administrators of death. Euthanasia defined The term Euthanasia is used generally to refer to an easy or painless death. Voluntary euthanasia involves a request by the dying patient or that person's legal representative. Passive or negative euthanasia involves not doing something to prevent death-that is, allowing someone to die; active or positive euthanasia involves taking deliberate action to cause a death. Euthanasia is often mistaken or associated with for assisted suicide, a distant cousin of euthanasia, in which a person wishes to commit suicide but feels unable to perform the act alone because of a physical disability or lack of knowledge about the most effective means. An individual who assists a suicide victim in accomplishing that goal may or may not be held responsible for the death, depending on local laws. There is a distinct difference between euthanasia and assisted suicide. This paper targets euthanasia; pros and cons,

School Systems in Japan India and the US

This site is an first-class one to utilize in that it defines what a typical school twelvemonth looks like in England. This site besides describes what the standardised testing that is required for each pupil, what vacations are observed during the school twelvemonth, and when pupils are able to go forth school. This web site was written by a former instructor at the school. Bing a instructor, Ms. Barrow was able to easy depict how the educational system works in England. ( Barrow, 2009 ) Combs, K. & A ; Angela Bartlett. ( 2007, October ) . Education in Japan. Retrieved from www.education-in-japan.info This website gives an first-class overview of the school system in Japan and what the national course of study is in Japan. This site besides explains how the Japanese came up with the current system of primary, in-between and high schools. This site besides explains the learning doctrine in Japan and the four key functions pupils have in modern Nipponese schooling. This site was started by two adult females who wanted to explicate how the instruction system worked in Japan. They lived in Japan for a clip and wanted to assist people who were either traveling to Japan or non-Japanese people populating in Japan understand the school system. ( Combs & A ; Bartlett, 2007 ) Education system in India. ( 1998 ) . Retrieved from www.indiaedu.com/education-india/education-system-india.html This website gives an overview of the instruction system in India. This site besides talks about the universalization of an simple instruction in India and why it has non to the full occurred. It tells at what age a pupil is required to go to school and at what age they are allowed to go forth school. This site besides gives stats demoing the literacy rate between males/females and rural/urban countries. This site was started by a company that is based in India and was started in order to supply resources for the people of India to be able to obtain higher instruction grades. ( â€Å" Education system in, † 1998 ) Miller, D.C. , Sen, A. , Malley, L.B. , Burns, S.D. , & A ; Owen, E. US Department of Education, ( 2009 ) . Comparative indexs of instruction in the us and other g-8 states: 2009. Washington, DC: US Department of Education. This article compares the G-8 states and gives statistics demoing where the United States falls in assorted classs such as subject jobs, and entire population, per centum of pupils enrolled in formal instruction. There are besides statistics comparing instructor experience in the United States and the United Kingdom. This article besides goes on to give really elaborate information on the school systems of each of the G-8 states, which include Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Because this article was written by people in the US Department of Education, it should be accurate and timely. ( Miller, Sen, Malley, Burns, & A ; Owen, 2009 ) Osgood, R. L. ( n.d. ) . Dawdlers, idiots, human cinders and other curious childs: progressivism and pupil differences in determining public instruction in the united provinces. Unpublished manuscript, Muskingum University. This was a address given by Mr. Osgood which explicating how labels ( both good and bad ) were applied to pupils in the United States and how these labels affected their public presentation in school. Mr. Osgood went back to a book published in the early 1900 ‘s to obtain some of the background for his address. He talks about how labeling pupils either helped them stand out or keep them back from accomplishing ends in school. He besides spoke on how labels changed since the early 1900 ‘s. For illustration, a pupil, in the early 1900 ‘s, who was falling behind in school was called a dawdler. Today, he would necessitate particular instruction categories which would cement the label of being slow. Mr. Osgood was President of Muskingum University in New Concord, Ohio and an pedagogue so he is a believable beginning. ( Osgood ) Ruddock, G. & A ; Sainsbury, M. ( 2008 ) . Comparison of the Core Primary Curriculum in England to those of Other High Performing Countries. Department for Children, Schools, & A ; Families. This article was written by two bookmans in England who were comparing the instruction given to English kids from ages 7 – 11 to kids from around the universe. This article focuses on three chief countries, Mathematicss, Science and Literacy. The bookmans found that in Mathematics, the stuff was similar to the eight other states included in this survey. In Science, the bookmans discovered many assortments of course of study. No 1 was perceived to be better than any other. In literacy, the bookmans discovered that the other states were more likely to include the doctrine and principle behind the linguistic communication where in England, this was instead brief. This paper was written by two bookmans by petition of one of the British Government Departments. School old ages in England. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved from www.learnenglish.de/culture/educationculture.htm This website gives a elaborate listing of what ages are in what classs. It besides explains the difference of a Public school and a Government tally school. This site besides explains what national testing is done at what age degree and at what age a pupil is allowed to go forth school. This site was written to let non-English speech production people to larn English. All of the information obtained on this site was able to corroborate information received on other web sites refering to the English Education system. ( â€Å" School old ages in, † ) Schutz, G. , West, M.R. , and Wobmann, L. ( 2007 ) , â€Å" School Accountability, Autonomy, Choice, and the Equity of Student Achievement: International Evidence from PIDA 2003 † , OECD Education Working Papers, No. 14, OECD Publishing. Department of the Interior: 10.1787/246374511832 This article explains the doctrine that if a kid succeeds in schools so they will win later in life. This article besides explains whether supervising instructor lessons has any impact on pupil public presentation. This article talks about holding issue tests before a kid is allowed to go forth school and if that is a productive thought or non. This article besides touches on the thought that kids with low socio-economic alterations achieve every bit much as those with high socio-economic alterations. OECD, or Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, is a authorities organisation in France and should be a really dependable beginning for this paper. ( Schutz, G. , 2007 ) Schmidt, W. H. , Houang, R. , & A ; Shakrani, S. ( 2009 ) . International lessons about national criterions. Thomas B Fordham Institute. This article, written by three writers at the Thomas B Fordham Institute, gives information refering to the Indian School System. It provides more information refering how the Indian Government perceives instruction and how the schools are funded. It besides explains the National Curriculum that India has and who is responsible for implementing that the course of study is followed. It explains who comes up with the course of study for each topic, what topics are taught in what schools and when national tests are given. The Thomas B Fordham Institute is an organisation that wants to progress educational excellence for every kid. ( Schmidt, Houang, & A ; Shakrani, 2009 ) Wieczorek, C. C. ( 2009 ) . Comparative analysis of instruction systems of American & A ; Nipponese schools: positions and visions. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Foreign Languages, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio. This article explains how the Japanese and the United States school systems are similar, but it besides explains how they are different. The writer ne'er comes out and says which is better, but he does indicate out that the United States seems to hold more troubles to get the better of. This writer wrote this paper as a consequence of an assignment for a category he was taking at the University. Some of the information that was given in this paper could be verified by other beginnings. ( Wieczorek, 2009 ) World Bank, ( 2000 ) . Investing in instruction: analysis of the 1999 universe instruction indexs, instruction and accomplishments Washington, DC: Retrieved from www.electrade.gfi.fr/cgi-bin/OECDBookshop.storefront This article explains in item how the instruction system in India plants. It explains what ages are in what school each age is assigned. This article besides explains how the federal authorities and the provincial and regional authoritiess are involved in the instruction system. The World Bank is an organisation overseen by the United Nations. The information presented by them should be every bit accurate as possible. ( World Bank, 2000 )

How does Technology affect Privacy? Essay

The emergence of science and technology generates a platform for global communication. Users of technology forget that the platforms generated to offer communication expose their private information. One simple search through social media sites pulls out detailed information of a person for observation. Online fraudulent activities continue to grow as malicious attackers use fake accounts to steal from unsuspecting victims. Technology simplifies business by providing organizations with e-commerce platforms to perform business. E-commerce gives convenience to the business and the buyer as they spend less but still provide quality services to their clients. The privacy of buyers decreases as malicious attackers hack into the sites (Schlag, 2013). A stranger can simply read an email if the owner of the email account forgets to logout. Subsequently, the user can access personal information of the user from the personal information profile. Other forms of technology such as secret cameras also affect the privacy of individuals. Someone might spy shoppers using cameras without the shoppers realizing that the privacy is exposed. Technology companies trace people through computers chips embedded in cars and clothes. The use of digital records in hospitals leaves private information of patients exposed to anyone who has access to the records. Credit card records and mobile phone bills leave personal information on receipts generated for confirmation purposes (Schlag, 2013). Any person who sees this information could use it to display confidential information. The use of technology should have regulations that detail the exposure people get while encountering different technological devices. Technology does affect the privacy of individuals as it makes it easier for anyone to access personal information of people in contact with the technological device. References Schlag, C. (2013). The New Privacy Battle: How the Expanding Use of Drones Continues to Erode Our Concept of Privacy and Privacy Rights. Journal of Technology, Law and Policy, 13(1), 1-22.

12 Angry Men: Leadership Essay

In the movie 12 Angry Men there were two primary examples of leadership. The first was in the beginning of the movie, when the foreman gets everyone together in the room and has them sit down, assigning them each a number. He then proceeds to go over the process and rules they will proceed with, and sets up the initial voting. After the initial voting, he has them go around in a circle one by one to discuss the reasons why they voted the way they did. As the film progresses, the leadership shifts towards man number 8, the one who initially voted not guilty. He demonstrates behavioral leadership as he begins to give information and supporting arguments of why there could be reasonable doubt to accuse the boy of murder, while staying calm and collected and involving the team members input in the discussion. He begins standing up and persuasively presenting his arguments, winning the team over one by one. Roles: The two men demonstrating leadership within the group were the two who most demonstrated task roles. The foreman performed task roles when he set up the initial voting and numbering process, and how they would each present one at a time around the circle. Man number 8 played the role of information seeker as he dug deeper into the alleged witness information, questioning the testimony and setting up scenarios to demonstrate that the testimony could have been misleading. He proved over and over again that there was reasonable doubt to the testimony given, as demonstrated when he set up the model of the hallway and walked it like the old man. He also proved reasonable doubt when he brought up the fact that the woman who had allegedly seen the murder through the el-train had worn glasses, and that she most likely was not wearing glasses in bed when she allegedly looked up and saw the murder occur through the window. There were many social roles performed within the group as well. The foreman acted in the role of keeping everyone in line and in turn when things got a little out of hand. Men 3 and 10 were both opinion givers, stating strong preferences against the boy, saying things about how boys who grow up in slums are born criminals. Man number 7 was a compromiser when he opted to change his vote to not guilty because he thought it would get them out of the room quicker, as his only concern was getting to his baseball game. Man number 8 played the role of convincer, as he went through each piece of evidence one by one and breaking down the evidence to prove that there could have been reasonable doubt to whether the boy was the murderer or not. He did this in several ways, such as the presentation of the hallway model and glasses theory discussed in the leadership section, as well as the testimony about the knife that was found, by pulling an identical one out of his pocket and saying he purchased it cheaply two blocks from where the murder took place at a pawn shop. As far as boundary spanning roles, the only boundary spanning that occurred within this group was when man number 8 asked the man outside the room for the evidence of the knife that was used and the model of the apartment that the old man lived in. There were many participation problems within this group as well. There was constant interruption of one another by just about every man in the room. This interrupted the rules that had been set of each man taking a turn in circle presenting their opinions and the support for their opinions. The group did not foster a safe environment for each member to discuss their opinion either. Whenever one man would raise a question about the possibility of reasonable doubt or change their vote to not guilty there would be an uproar, mostly from men numbers 3 and 10. Perhaps another reason the group performed so poorly was because there was no relational development within the group. They were there strictly to perform a task, leading to poor team cohesion and lack of trust among one another. Men number 3 and 10 among others also demonstrated aggression, which led to much of the unhealthy conflict put forth within the group. By choosing aggression over cooperation, they put themselves at an automatic disadvantage within the group, as aggression led to a lack of credibility among those who demonstrated it. The group did not share a common goal, which also led to poor performance. Some team members had alternative motives, such as man number 3 who was showing aggression towards teen boys because of the poor experience he had with his own teenager and man number 7 who wanted to get in and out of the discussion as quickly as possible because he had baseball tickets for that night. The bigotry and grudge against teenage boys prevented men numbers 3 and 10 from being constructive team members and probably should have disqualified them from serving on that jury in the first place. This team dealt with participation problems within the group in a number of ways. One way was that they began sticking up for each other when one man would become aggressive towards another. The group moved away from man number 10 when he went on his rampage about young boys and how they are all criminals, prompting man number 4 to tell him to shut his mouth and not speak again. Decision Making: The 12 angry men were forced into making a consensus decision because that was the only way they could present a verdict to the judge. They used nominal group technique because their decision making was solely task related and required no social relational development. They used a democratic voting system and kept re-voting until the vote was unanimous. They mostly used open voting where each member raised their hand but in one instance did use secret voting where they submitted their decisions via ballot. The consensus approach was not very effective for this group at first given how far apart some group members were on their stances, but given the severity of their decision it was definitely the appropriate approach to use. Power & Influence: Man number 8 demonstrated the most different types of power throughout the debate. He demonstrated informational power at first by providing information about discrepancies in some of the evidence and witness testimony in the case, such as when he brought out the knife he had purchased at a pawn shop near the crime scene for very cheap, demonstrating that it was possible that the knife found at the crime scene was not the one that had belonged to the boy accused of murder. He began to develop referent power as the movie progressed, as one by one he won over the group members until they were all backing him and supporting his case. The foreman began with legitimate power as he was the head of the group and assigned the men their numbers and set the rules for how the discussion would progress, but quickly lost that power as other men began to break the set rules and become unruly. Man number 5 demonstrated expert power when he showed the men how to properly use a switch blade knife, proving that the shorter boy would not have been able to stab downward into his taller father if he was holding the knife properly. Man number 6 demonstrated information power about how loud the passing el-trains were because he worked by one for a couple weeks. Therefore his information was able to discredit the old man’s testimony about having heard the boy scream â€Å"I’m gonna kill you† from the apartment. Man number 9 demonstrated information power about the woman who had supposedly seen the murder occur when he remembered she had been rubbing marks by her nose, meaning that she wore glasses. Man number 4 gave credibility to this theory and said that he did not wear glasses to bed and that nobody would, discrediting the women’s claims to have looked up from bed and seen the murder occur through the windows of the passing el-train. Man number 6 demonstrated coercive power towards man number 3 when man number 3 threatened man number 9, telling man number 3 that if he threatened 9 again he would lay him out. Information power proved to be the most effective in this case because the information presented was really the only factor in changing the men’s votes from guilty to not guilty. Conflict: Task conflict occurred during the decision making process on whether the jury should continue debating the murder or deliver a hung jury verdict. Process conflict occurred when the foreman told man number 10 he could be the leader if he wanted when man number 10 questioned the leadership style of the foreman, to which man number 10 quickly backed down. Another example of process conflict was when man number 8 takes away the tic tac toe game from men numbers 12 and 3, scolding them for playing a game during a serious trial when they should not be taking things lightly. Relational conflict occurred most often during this movie, such as the conflict between men numbers 10 and 5 when man number 10 made a remark about slums and how he didn’t want any part of those people. Man number 5, who had grown up in a slum, became offended and said â€Å"maybe you can still smell the garbage on me. † Relational conflict also occurred when the men dealt with the bigotry of man number 10 by turning their backs on him, and when man number 4 told him to shut his mouth and not speak again. The conflict styles of the jurors differed greatly also. Man number 12 displayed avoidance, particularly when he kept talking about his marketing firm and playing tic tac toe with man number 3. Men numbers 2 and 9 displayed accommodation at the beginning, when they were hesitant to raise their hands for the guilty verdict but seemed to do so because everyone else was. Man number 7 also displayed accommodation when he changed his vote to not guilty later in the movie because he thought it would help get the group out of there faster so he could make his aseball game on time. Men numbers 3 and 10 displayed mostly confrontational conflict style because in order to get their points across they would stand up from the table, yell and scream about their points, and get in the faces and disrespect others who disagreed with them. Man number 8 was the primary one to display collaboration, because he worked well with the other men and the evidence to come to conclusions about the various evidence and testimony presented in the case. Most of the conflicts in this case were not successfully resolved because of the yelling and bigotry that took place between many of the men. At times even the rather calm men who displayed collaboration such as men 2 and 9 began yelling at the others who had started the unhealthy conflict. The more information that was provided and the more conclusions that the men came to about the evidence, the more healthy the conflict styles became save for those of men 3 and 10, who displayed unhealthy conflict styles until the very end of the movie.

Hershey’s Entry Into Turkey

Turkey is a country poised between Asia and Europe. This country of 71 million people is crucial to economic developments as it lies between producers and consumers, supply and demand. While seen as a bridge between the East and West, this majority Muslim country is also torn between both worlds. Its secular government has a long history of struggles between those who feel their country’s identity lies in the Middle East, those who desire full accession to the European Union (EU), and all those in between. The Turkish government’s main foreign policy goals are to make Turkey an integral part of the European Union The Turkish government has, in recent years, worked on reforms to liberalize Turkey’s trade relationships and open its markets. Turkey’s main export commodities are apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, and transport equipment. Its main export partner is Germany, who receives 11. 3% of Turkey’s exports, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, the United States, France, and Spain. On the import side, it receives the most products from Russia, at 12. 8% of total imports, followed by Germany, China, Italy, France, the United States, and Iran. Turkey’s trade with Iran, the other great economic power in the region, is of special interest to those in the United States and elsewhere who are concerned about Iran’s intentions and Turkey’s ability to hedge against Iran in the region. Turkey has a dynamic and complex economy that has seen strong growth since a devastating economic crisis in 2001 but still faces several major vulnerabilities. The country has used its mindset of modernization to develop competitive commerce and industries in the country, yet struggles to maintain equity between the urban and rural areas. An exceptionally high 35% of its population is still employed in the agricultural sector (compare to 2. 8% in Germany, 8. 5% in Russia, 0. 6% in the United States, etc). The country has seen decreased inflation and strong economic growth in the last five to seven years, largely due to renewed investor interest in emerging markets, tightened fiscal policies, and International Monetary Fund backing. Its economy, however, is still vulnerable because of high external debt and a high current account deficit. Despite strong growth, Turkey’s economy is still relatively small in comparison to its main trading partners. Comparisons can be made by examining countries’ gross domestic product, which is the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. In 2007 Turkey had an estimated GDP of $667. 7 billion, with a GDP per capita (purchasing power per individual) of approximately $9,400. The United States, the largest economy in the world and one of Turkey’s major trading partners, had an estimated GDP in 2007 of $13. 86 trillion, with a GDP per capita of $46,000. Three of Turkey’s other main trading partners are Germany, Italy, and France. Germany had an estimated 2007 GDP of $2. 33 trillion, with GDP per capita at $34,400; Italy had a GDP of $1. 8 trillion, with GDP per capita of $31,000; and France had a GDP of $2. 067 trillion, with a GDP per capita of $33,800. Thus, while large in comparison to its neighbors (Armenia, GDP $16. 83 billion; Greece, GDP $326. 4 billion; etc. ), Turkey still has much room for growth and competitive development in co mparison to its major trading partners. When compared to Turkey, The people of France are among the healthiest, wealthiest, and best-educated people in the world. The country is highly urbanized with more than 75 per cent of the people living in cities. The French are known for their sophistication, their culture, the beauty of their spoken language, and their diverse accomplishments in literature, arts, and sciences. Even French cuisine and apparels have long been a source of national pride. The economy of France is one of the highly developed economies in the European Union (EU). The country is the leading manufacturer of goods such as automobiles, electrical equipments, machine tools, and chemicals. Apart from this, France is also the European Union's most important agricultural nation and ships cereals, wine, cheese, and other agricultural products to the rest of Europe and the world. However, today, the economy in France is determined by services industry, which includes banking, retail and wholesale trade, communications, health care, and tourism. With its culture, France has been able to influence the entire Western world, particularly in the areas of art and literature. French literary and artistic contributions during the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment deeply influenced the path of Western cultural development. It was during the Middle Ages that France attained cultural prominence in Europe. The 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries saw many of Europe's most talented artists and artisans being attracted to Paris. The 20th century was considered to be the ‘cinema era,' with French cinema assuming a leading world position, particularly in the 1960s. World-renowned French cultural figures include philosophers, writers, painters, sculptors, architects, composers, playwrights, and film directors. Based on the country analysis, it is clear that Turkey is a market whose economy is rapidly growing, and the government of Turkey’s new foreign trade policies are open market business friendly. Kraft has been aggressively pursuing to enter the French market by acquiring Cadbury by preparing to bid as much as 18. billion. Given this high competition in the French market and the possible over load of the market with Kraft’s products, it would not be of Hershey’s best business interest to compete and enter into the French Market at this time. Therefore, I recommend that Hershey should enter the markets of Turkey first before it ventures into opportunities in France. This means, pop ular companies such as Hershey can take advantage of the new open market policies of the Turkish government to explore entrepreneurial opportunities to deploy its popular products. One of the Entrepreneurial opportunities to explore is to expand product platforms that suite the local market and strengthen the route to market through local partnerships and acquisition. I would recommend exporting as an initial market entry approach followed by joint ventures and contract manufacturing. Reference: 1. Country Analysis Report – Turkey. August 2009. Market Research. com 2. www. economist. com Country briefings – France 3. France24. com. Jan, 2010. Hershey eyes $ 17. 0 billion bid for Cadbury.

Cigerate money in POW camp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cigerate money in POW camp - Essay Example Cigarettes qualified as money because it acted as a standard of deferred payment. Some buyers took commodities on credit with a promise of paying an agreed number of cigarettes in the future. Just like modern currency, cigarette money acted as a store of value so that buyers could keep their extra purchasing power for use when the Red Cross issue arrived. Traders accumulated cigarette money to help them purchase more stock when commodities arrived (Radford 5). The fact that cigarettes served both as money and as a smoke was a factor that led to the debasement of cigarette money. Buyers in the P.O.W camp savoured high quality cigarettes for smoking and only used those that were of low quality for trading. The method used in making different cigarette brands was another factor in the debasement of cigarette money. For example, machine-made cigarettes that were supplied by Red Cross could afford more than hand-rolled cigarettes. Lack of homogeneity in the worth of certain cigarettes led to the debasement of cigarette money. For example, some hand-rolled cigarettes were doubted for low quality and extreme thinness and some sellers would reject them. The cunningness of buyers in P.O.W camp to try to maximize on the few available cigarettes led them dismantling big machine-made cigarettes in order to make many smaller ones. Price fluctuations affected the stability of cigarette money and it would fall in value when prices went up (Radford 5). Like in modern economic times, a fall in the value of cigarette money was one of the factors that caused inflation in P.O.W camp. The decrease of the value of cigarette money led to inflation because some traders felt that they needed to charge more in order to realize meaningful profits. The anticipation and arrival of commodities in the P.O.W camp was another contributing factor for inflation. This manifested in price hikes when the day of the arrival of commodities

Report Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report Plan - Assignment Example The recipient of this report is the various organizations, both governmental and NGOs, dealing with welfare funding. Identifying the problem was an easy task. According to government statistics, TANF program has 31% of white families, 33% black and 29% Hispanic. It is important to note that the aim of the program is to provide funds to needy families with a five-year limit on financial assistance. In fact, total welfare spending for the year ending 2010 reached an astounding $900 billion. The problem arises due to the fact that, even with the large amounts spent on assisting poor families, more families keep increasing systematically. To answer the questions, it is crucial to have access to the government archives on the target program (TANF). The public libraries with government, though few, are a good source of information. The internet is also an important resource for this research. I will have access to the national statistics databases. Journals and newspapers detailing the aspect of social welfare will be considered a resource. Kearns (2000) advices of the use of mixed methodology in answering research questions. Following Kearns’ advice, I will use observation and interview to answer the questions. The interview will be in form of a questionnaire directed at sampled TANF and the program supervisors. Since the research is personal, I intend to make unbiased observations and take note for further reference. The suggested course of action will be based on unprejudiced answers to the questions of research. Corcoran (2011) lays out a clear method of identifying loopholes in social affairs based on the failures of the system

Are Video Games Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Are Video Games Art - Research Paper Example ies which immerses the player engaging them deeply in the real life problems they face like depression and living in an abusive home, or the Shadow of Colossus wherein symbolism comes into play and all the characters designed with complex details, the list of the games invoking a personal response from a player are endless. Aaron Smuts in his article â€Å"Are videogames Art?† uses the examples of games like ‘Max Payne’ (2001), ‘Halo’ (2001) and ‘Tom Clancy’s Splinter Cell (2002) to explain how videogames posses the ‘aesthetic potential’ which engages the player implying it is a promising art. ‘Max Payne’ has a very detailed plot and touches upon the story of an unprincipled cop who sets out to seek revenge of the death of his wife and his child. The game engrosses the player as he controls the advances of the character; dealing with different conspiracies weaved in the screenplay, hungry for revenge. Similarly, Halo involves many twists in the plot and the player enjoys slowly uncovering where the army as crash landed. The game Splinter Cell has been designed to trigger a feeling of tension in the player as he hides around from the lurking danger. Most of the game consists of hiding around in suspense. The game has the immense quality of having detailed maneuvers of different character, remarkable lighting effects and a prolific shadow play. All these details along with the suspense ridden story involving the player deeply are nothing a work of art. Smuts states that the games are the products of sophisticated technology and the graphics are close to real life, though it can not match the greatness of artworks in the history but it surely agrees with the definition by invoking some emotions in the player (Smuts 2005). Videogames to be determined as art should possess the quality of emotionally involving the players. The game ‘Alice: Madness Returns’ tells a story about a girl who sees her whole family die as a result of fire and leaving

Patterns for Interpersonal conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Patterns for Interpersonal conflict - Essay Example The second aspect is a behavioral component, which occurs when one individuals directly interferes with the objectives of another. The third aspect is the affective component, which refers to the negative emotions between individuals in conflict. Among these components, there are for common characteristics of interpersonal conflict that will be discussed in the paper. In addition, the paper will illustrate the negative factors that may result from lack of conflict resolution. The first common characteristic is that the conflicting parties are interdependent. The above mentioned illustrations of conflict show that the parties involved have contrasting opinions. Hence, regardless of the opposing views each of the parties is necessary for conflict to occur. Kelly and Braiker state that an individual who is not dependent on another and does not possess an interest in him or her cannot have a conflict with this person. Hence, since the choice of each person in the conflict affects the oth er, it is necessary to resolve all conflict in an environment that requires interaction. In such situations, the two individuals must find common ground as they will be unable to work together in a state of conflict. In most situations, individuals will sabotage their colleague to attain their own interests if there is no conflict resolution. The situation will be escalated to a point whereby the two parties are no longer willing or able to find common ground. Another characteristic is that the two parties often have the perception.

Connection between Neighborhood Crime and academic performance Annotated Bibliography

Connection between Neighborhood Crime and academic performance - Annotated Bibliography Example Bowen, N. K., & Bowen, G. L. (1999). Effects of crime and violence in neighborhoods and schools on the school behavior and performance of adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 14(3), 319-342. doi: 10.1177/0743558499143003 This study examined the relationship between neighborhood and school violence and adolescents' behavior and academic performance. Specifically, the authors wanted to discover how violence affects student's attendance, behavior, and grades. Data on students' self-reported exposure to neighborhood and school violence was gathered from a sample of middle and high school students who completed the National School Success Profile (SSP). The SSP revealed reports of high exposure to environmental danger among African-Americans, males, high school students, school lunch recipients, and urban students. The study found that both neighborhood and school danger predicted attendance and behavior. Neighborhood danger, however, was more predictive of school outcomes than do school danger. This study contributed in the early identification of adolescents living in dangerous school and neighborhood environments. The authors suggested taking an ecological approach in assessing school environments to e ncourage excellent academic performance among adolescent students. Ceballo, R., McLoyd, V. C., & Toyokawa, T. (2004). The influence of neighborhood quality on adolescents’ educational values and school effort. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19(6), 716-739. ... Specifically, associations were found between neighborhood quality and educational values of African-American females. In addition, the study yielded gender-specific results when the model was tested separately for males and females. Dearing, E. (2004). The developmental implications of restrictive and supportive parenting across neighborhoods and ethnicities: Exceptions are the rule. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(5), 555-575. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2004.08.007   This study explored the effect of neighborhood crime and income on the relationship between parenting style and child behavior. Restrictive and supportive parenting styles are said to influence a child's emotional well-being and academic performance. Using a longitudinal design, elementary school-age children of African-American, European-American, and Latino-American descent were studied. Positive associations were found between restrictive parenting style and depression, and between supportive parenting s tyle and academic performance. Negative association, meanwhile, was found between restrictive parenting style and academic performance. In riskier neighborhoods, the negative effect of restrictive style in European-American children was exacerbated. On the other hand, both restrictive and supportive styles were found to be  a protective factor among African-American children in riskier neighborhoods. The results for Latino-American children were generally similar with those of African-American. The author concluded that parenting styles and neighborhood context influenced children's development. Eamon, M. K. (2005). Social-demographic, school, neighborhood, and parenting influences on the academic achievement of Latino